Viral dynamics and clinical outcomes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) in the Dominican Republic, 2022

Abstract

Background: Dengue Virus (DENV) is the most common arboviral infection in La Hispaniola. Four DENV serotypes have been recognized with temporality across the years. The aim of this study is to describe viral dynamics and clinical outcomes of DENV infection in children in the Dominican Republic (DR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among suspected DENV cases in a major paediatric hospital in Santo Domingo, DR. Blood samples were collected between January-April 2022 for DENV ARN PCR detection and sequencing. Demographic and epidemiological data was obtained. Results: • A total of 61 samples were collected. Mean age was 8 years old (range 5 months-15yo). PCR positivity for DENV was 75% (n=46). • All genotypes were DENV-2. • Signs and symptoms reported were associated to DENV with haemorrhagic signs (abdominal pain 84% (n=39), vomiting 61% (n=28), • and fever 100% (=46) (Table 1). • The Higher Cycle threshold (Ct) detected corresponded to April 2022. • No deaths were reported (Figure 1). DENV PCR negative cases were positive for specific-DENV neutralizing antibodies, but no other arboviruses were amplified in further analysis. Conclusions: • Our study observed that DENV-2 is associated with more haemorrhagic outcomes. • Endemicity and pre-existing DENV genotype circulation is influencing in viral-host responses, noted in the PCR negative but antibodies (+) cases. • The molecular dynamics associated to transmission was observed and suggests that control measures need to be reinforce based on molecular surveillance. • It is of upmost importance to understand the role of DENV variability considering vaccine candidates that might be available soon.